Jaldi-Vidhi

Court Design Handbook

Guidance for planning and designing accessible, safe and user-centred courts in India.

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Court Design Handbook for District Courts in India

Court Design Handbook for District Courts in India

The Design Handbook seeks to envision and implement a user-centric District Court Complex responsive to the needs of all diverse users, i.e., litigants, judges, lawyers, Court staff, witnesses, accused persons, police, public visitors and other stakeholders in the justice system. A principles-based framework is used to highlight associated guidelines and design considerations, for creating truly inclusive, accessible, efficient, comfortable, adaptable, and sustainable Courts where the experience of seeking and providing justice is significantly improved.

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Projects Authors And Acknowledgements
Shreya Tripathy is a Senior Resident Fellow at Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy working as part of the Justice, Access, and Lowering Delays in India (JALDI) Initiative. Priyamvadha Shivaji is a Research Fellow at Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy working as part of the Justice, Access, and Lowering Delays in India (JALDI) Initiative. Brinda Sastry is an architect, urban designer, and planner with experience in formulating policies, audit frameworks, and design guidelines, with a participatory approach, to ensure inclusive and equitable design of public places. Shreya Shetty is an architect and urban design consultant, Co-Founder of 369 Ochre Studio who assisted in drafting the Harmonised Guidelines & Standards for Universal Accessibility in India 2021, drafted by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) & Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee released by Central Public Works Department, Government of India under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Bhagyalaxmi Madapur , Co-Founder of 369 Ochre Studio in Bengaluru, India, is an architect and urbanist who worked as a contract consultant with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on the project "Sponge City: Towards Building Flood Resilient Kolkata," which involved creating educational materials-infographic handbooks, videos, and brochures aimed at strengthening the capacity of Kolkata Municipal Corporation for resilient urban services. Abubakar Shaikh is an architect and Art Lead at Autovrse. Gayatri Ganesh is an architect and Experience Designer at Autovrse. Milind D.P. is the Executive Vice President, Consultancy & Projects, BNA Technology Consulting Ltd. His division is focused on IT Infrastructure Design, Project Management and Monitoring of ICT Projects. Arun Kumar is an acoustic consultant at HMPL Consulting Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, with over 8 years of expertise in Architectural, Environmental, and Industrial Acoustics, dedicated to shaping sound environments for optimal experiences. Akshatha Hariharan is an architect exploring the realms of Visual & User experience design. Rama Raghavan is an Architectural writer and researcher based in Pune. As a pedagogue, she has curated courses in Accessibility and Universal Design. She has worked on several publications that intricately connect the built environment with socio-spatial dimensions. This report has been in the making for over two years and owes a great deal to the inputs provided by a multitude of people. The authors would like to thank the following: Deepika Kinhal (Team Lead, JALDI) for her guidance throughout the project and for reviewing the report. The authors are also grateful to Reshma Sekhar (Former Senior Resident Fellow, JALDI) for her contribution to the conceptualisation of the Handbook. Dr. Gaurav Raheja (Professor of Architecture, IIT Roorkee) and Dr. Rahela Korakhiwala (Author, From the Colonial to the Contemporary: Images, Iconography, Memories, and Performances of Law in India's High Courts) for their guidance in the conceptualisation stage. Justice Badar Durrez Ahmad (Former Chief Justice, Jammu & Kashmir High Court), Justice Ponugoti Naveen Rao (Former Acting Chief Justice, Telangana High Court) and Mr. Suresh Kogilgere (Former Registrar, Karnataka High Court) for their inputs for the project. Dr. Tanya Machado (Professor of Clinical Psychology (Rtd). Consultant Clinical Psychologist) and Dr. Ria Fernandez (Rehabilitation Specialist, Mazumdar Shaw Hospital) for their inputs on child-friendly design and providing trauma-informed design considerations for vulnerable witnesses. Akhilesh (Project Second Chance) for his inputs on safe, secure, and humane design considerations for accused persons. Nilesh Singit (independent accessibility expert) and Dr. Sanjay Jain (Professor at National Law School of India University, Bengaluru), members of the Supreme Court Committee on Accessibility, for their inputs on ensuring universal accessibility. Alok Prasanna Kumar (Co-founder and Team Lead, Vidhi Karnataka), and Vidhi Fellows Manmayi Sharma (Senior Resident Fellow, Disability Inclusion & Access), Yashaswini Basu (Outreach Lead, Nyaaya), Yogini Oke (Impact and Partnerships Fellow), Shireen Yachu (Communications Fellow, Impact Collective) and Somya Jain (Research Fellow, Disability Inclusion & Access) for their inputs on the project. Damini Ghosh (Team Lead, Disability, Inclusion & Access at Vidhi) and Prof. Sanjay Kanvinde (Senior Partner, Kanvinde Rai & Chowdhury) for peer-reviewing the Handbook and providing their invaluable feedback. Over the months of February and March 2024, four round-table consultations were held with experts from various fields, on the following themes covered in the Handbook: Institutional capacity building; Making District Courts safe, secure and comfortable; Incorporating Universal Design Principles; and Facilitating efficient and future-ready Court Complexes. The authors would like to thank the following participants for their inputs during the sessions: Justice (retd.) Ponugoti Naveen Rao (former acting Chief Justice at Telangana High Court), Prof. Jyoti Dogra (Professor at Indian Law Institute), Dr. Sheila Ramaswamy (Technical & Operational Lead at NIMHANS), Ms. Arushi Anthwal (Legal Counsel at Counsel to Secure Justice), Ms. Kushi Kushalappa (Director, Support & Rehabilitation at Enfold India), Ms. Shirisha Reddy (Program Manager at Nyaaya Kannada), Mr. Amar Jain (co-founder at Mission Accessibility), Ms. Anita Iyer Narayan (Managing Trustee, sponsor and volunteer at Ekansh Trust), Prof. Gaurav Raheja (Professor Incharge, Inclusion & Accessibility Services at IIT Roorkee), Ms. Nivedita Krishna (founder-director at PACTA), Ms. Pooja Sastry (PhD candidate in architectural history at University College, Dublin), Ms. Shruti Dixit (practising lawyer in Lucknow), Mr. Akshay Jain (Assistant Program Manager at National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People), Mr. Rahul Bajaj (co-founder at Mission Accessibility) and Mr. R. Sri Kumar (former Head of Police Force in Karnataka and former Chief Vigilance Commissioner). The Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy is an independent think-tank doing legal research to make better laws and improve governance for the public good. The JALDI Initiative is a multi-year initiative that aims to advocate for and implement evidence-based reforms to eliminate the existing backlog in Courts and ensure that cases are disposed within reasonable timelines. This report is under the aegis of JALDI Innovation Lab, a multi-disciplinary collaborative of experts to design solutions for the justice delivery systems in India. Errors, if any, rest with the authors. Contact us at jaldi@vidhilegalpolicy.in
Sub Project Title
Design Guide for User-Centric Court Complexes

design

law

Content image 1
Jaldi Lab Aspect Title
Design

Design

Design-thinking and architecture to transform how accessing justice looks and feels

Content image 1
Jaldi Lab Aspect Title
Law

Law

Rules and policies to guide implementation of reforms in a fair, just and transparent manner.

Project Videos

Introduction to the series

Introduction to the series

Introduction to the series

How can we improve e-Filing in courts?

How can we improve e-Filing in courts?

How can we improve e-Filing in courts?

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Harmonised Guidelines 2021, p. 373, Section 6.17.

Harmonised Guidelines 2021, p. 347, Section 6.6

Design Considerations

Universal accessibility must be ensured through all spaces with a human-centric approach for diverse user groups, this includes seamless access to entrances, pathways and inside the spaces for Persons with Disabilities, persons with strollers/prams, provision for seatings, etc.

Accessible sanitary provisions must be provided in close proximity to ensure that the amenities remain clean and well-maintained. For further details of the design of the sanitary provisions, please refer to

Section 3.1

The layout of the public area must facilitate easy navigation, and adequate space must be allotted to accommodate necessary equipment and minimize congestion and overcrowding.

The spaces must be adaptable and flexible, to accommodate various other services which may be required.

Technology such as user-friendly interfaces, self-service kiosks, etc., must be provided to improve service efficiency.

Waste management must be efficiently managed for the entire Court Complex, including ancillary amenities.

Adequate security measures, including standard door-frame metal detectors with people counters and surveillance systems with the presence of trained personnel, must be provided to ensure safety. For further details on security provisions, please refer to

Annexure 3

Specific Design Considerations

The entrance to the ATM and the bank facilities must have a leveled entrance with ramps, if required, and handrails on either side. The steps must have color contrasting strips and provision of TGSI tiles leading up to the entrance.

ATM kiosks must be designed to be of an accessible height.

The screen and keyboard of the ATM machine must be visible from the height of

1000 mm

above the floor level. All controls and buttons must be provided in the range of

1200 mm

from the floor level. The machine must be placed at a minimum distance of

600 mm

from any corner.

The entrance door must be of clear width of

900 mm

, and the room must have adequate space for the wheelchair to maneuver with a turning diameter of

The infrastructure must ensure comprehensive voice guidance for ATM operations and across different bank ATM card transactions. Assistance through audible features must incorporate Text-To-Speech (“TTS”) voices with a bilingual Indian accent.

The system must include a user-friendly keypad operation similar to an IVR, with Braille labels for enhanced accessibility.

The entrance to all retail shops in the Court Complex or spaces for vendors must be levelled with a ramp.

The entrances of the shops or retail units must not have high thresholds. In case there is one, it must be made accessible through ramped kerbs or must not exceed the height of

25 mm

Wherever counters are present, either for viewing, exchanging, payments or for information, they must be universally accessible to facilitate people who could be standing, wheelchair users or people with shorter stature.

Retail and space for vendors must be considered for diverse typology such as bookstalls, stationery shops, photocopiers, eateries, stamp vendors, and other such requirements with consideration to accessible infrastructure.

PART C - THE HANDBOOK

COMMON AMENITIES

3.7.

Ancillary Amenities

Various ancillary amenities must additionally be provided within the Court Complex. These may be provided in the public areas outside the main Court buildings, adjacent to the parking spaces.

A. ATM and Bank Facilities

B. Retail and Space for Vendors

Image 96: Example of accessible retail spaces

Image Credit

369 Ochre Studio

Image 97: Example of outdoor area for retail spaces

Source

Harmonised Guidelines 2021, p. 151

Image 98: Example of accessible entrance to an eatery

Harmonised Guidelines 2021, p. 246

References

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