Jaldi-Vidhi

Court Design Handbook

Guidance for planning and designing accessible, safe and user-centred courts in India.

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Court Design Handbook for District Courts in India

Court Design Handbook for District Courts in India

The Design Handbook seeks to envision and implement a user-centric District Court Complex responsive to the needs of all diverse users, i.e., litigants, judges, lawyers, Court staff, witnesses, accused persons, police, public visitors and other stakeholders in the justice system. A principles-based framework is used to highlight associated guidelines and design considerations, for creating truly inclusive, accessible, efficient, comfortable, adaptable, and sustainable Courts where the experience of seeking and providing justice is significantly improved.

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Projects Authors And Acknowledgements
Shreya Tripathy is a Senior Resident Fellow at Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy working as part of the Justice, Access, and Lowering Delays in India (JALDI) Initiative. Priyamvadha Shivaji is a Research Fellow at Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy working as part of the Justice, Access, and Lowering Delays in India (JALDI) Initiative. Brinda Sastry is an architect, urban designer, and planner with experience in formulating policies, audit frameworks, and design guidelines, with a participatory approach, to ensure inclusive and equitable design of public places. Shreya Shetty is an architect and urban design consultant, Co-Founder of 369 Ochre Studio who assisted in drafting the Harmonised Guidelines & Standards for Universal Accessibility in India 2021, drafted by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) & Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee released by Central Public Works Department, Government of India under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Bhagyalaxmi Madapur , Co-Founder of 369 Ochre Studio in Bengaluru, India, is an architect and urbanist who worked as a contract consultant with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on the project "Sponge City: Towards Building Flood Resilient Kolkata," which involved creating educational materials-infographic handbooks, videos, and brochures aimed at strengthening the capacity of Kolkata Municipal Corporation for resilient urban services. Abubakar Shaikh is an architect and Art Lead at Autovrse. Gayatri Ganesh is an architect and Experience Designer at Autovrse. Milind D.P. is the Executive Vice President, Consultancy & Projects, BNA Technology Consulting Ltd. His division is focused on IT Infrastructure Design, Project Management and Monitoring of ICT Projects. Arun Kumar is an acoustic consultant at HMPL Consulting Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, with over 8 years of expertise in Architectural, Environmental, and Industrial Acoustics, dedicated to shaping sound environments for optimal experiences. Akshatha Hariharan is an architect exploring the realms of Visual & User experience design. Rama Raghavan is an Architectural writer and researcher based in Pune. As a pedagogue, she has curated courses in Accessibility and Universal Design. She has worked on several publications that intricately connect the built environment with socio-spatial dimensions. This report has been in the making for over two years and owes a great deal to the inputs provided by a multitude of people. The authors would like to thank the following: Deepika Kinhal (Team Lead, JALDI) for her guidance throughout the project and for reviewing the report. The authors are also grateful to Reshma Sekhar (Former Senior Resident Fellow, JALDI) for her contribution to the conceptualisation of the Handbook. Dr. Gaurav Raheja (Professor of Architecture, IIT Roorkee) and Dr. Rahela Korakhiwala (Author, From the Colonial to the Contemporary: Images, Iconography, Memories, and Performances of Law in India's High Courts) for their guidance in the conceptualisation stage. Justice Badar Durrez Ahmad (Former Chief Justice, Jammu & Kashmir High Court), Justice Ponugoti Naveen Rao (Former Acting Chief Justice, Telangana High Court) and Mr. Suresh Kogilgere (Former Registrar, Karnataka High Court) for their inputs for the project. Dr. Tanya Machado (Professor of Clinical Psychology (Rtd). Consultant Clinical Psychologist) and Dr. Ria Fernandez (Rehabilitation Specialist, Mazumdar Shaw Hospital) for their inputs on child-friendly design and providing trauma-informed design considerations for vulnerable witnesses. Akhilesh (Project Second Chance) for his inputs on safe, secure, and humane design considerations for accused persons. Nilesh Singit (independent accessibility expert) and Dr. Sanjay Jain (Professor at National Law School of India University, Bengaluru), members of the Supreme Court Committee on Accessibility, for their inputs on ensuring universal accessibility. Alok Prasanna Kumar (Co-founder and Team Lead, Vidhi Karnataka), and Vidhi Fellows Manmayi Sharma (Senior Resident Fellow, Disability Inclusion & Access), Yashaswini Basu (Outreach Lead, Nyaaya), Yogini Oke (Impact and Partnerships Fellow), Shireen Yachu (Communications Fellow, Impact Collective) and Somya Jain (Research Fellow, Disability Inclusion & Access) for their inputs on the project. Damini Ghosh (Team Lead, Disability, Inclusion & Access at Vidhi) and Prof. Sanjay Kanvinde (Senior Partner, Kanvinde Rai & Chowdhury) for peer-reviewing the Handbook and providing their invaluable feedback. Over the months of February and March 2024, four round-table consultations were held with experts from various fields, on the following themes covered in the Handbook: Institutional capacity building; Making District Courts safe, secure and comfortable; Incorporating Universal Design Principles; and Facilitating efficient and future-ready Court Complexes. The authors would like to thank the following participants for their inputs during the sessions: Justice (retd.) Ponugoti Naveen Rao (former acting Chief Justice at Telangana High Court), Prof. Jyoti Dogra (Professor at Indian Law Institute), Dr. Sheila Ramaswamy (Technical & Operational Lead at NIMHANS), Ms. Arushi Anthwal (Legal Counsel at Counsel to Secure Justice), Ms. Kushi Kushalappa (Director, Support & Rehabilitation at Enfold India), Ms. Shirisha Reddy (Program Manager at Nyaaya Kannada), Mr. Amar Jain (co-founder at Mission Accessibility), Ms. Anita Iyer Narayan (Managing Trustee, sponsor and volunteer at Ekansh Trust), Prof. Gaurav Raheja (Professor Incharge, Inclusion & Accessibility Services at IIT Roorkee), Ms. Nivedita Krishna (founder-director at PACTA), Ms. Pooja Sastry (PhD candidate in architectural history at University College, Dublin), Ms. Shruti Dixit (practising lawyer in Lucknow), Mr. Akshay Jain (Assistant Program Manager at National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People), Mr. Rahul Bajaj (co-founder at Mission Accessibility) and Mr. R. Sri Kumar (former Head of Police Force in Karnataka and former Chief Vigilance Commissioner). The Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy is an independent think-tank doing legal research to make better laws and improve governance for the public good. The JALDI Initiative is a multi-year initiative that aims to advocate for and implement evidence-based reforms to eliminate the existing backlog in Courts and ensure that cases are disposed within reasonable timelines. This report is under the aegis of JALDI Innovation Lab, a multi-disciplinary collaborative of experts to design solutions for the justice delivery systems in India. Errors, if any, rest with the authors. Contact us at jaldi@vidhilegalpolicy.in
Sub Project Title
Design Guide for User-Centric Court Complexes

design

law

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Jaldi Lab Aspect Title
Design

Design

Design-thinking and architecture to transform how accessing justice looks and feels

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Jaldi Lab Aspect Title
Law

Law

Rules and policies to guide implementation of reforms in a fair, just and transparent manner.

Project Videos

Introduction to the series

Introduction to the series

Introduction to the series

How can we improve e-Filing in courts?

How can we improve e-Filing in courts?

How can we improve e-Filing in courts?

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e-Courts Phase III Vision Document.

e-Seva Kendra Guidelines.

Model Live Streaming Rules.

‘e-Seva Kendra at High Court of Karnataka’

(Karnataka Judiciary)

‘e-Seva Kendra, Shivamogga District Court’

(eCourts)

[“Shivamogga District Court e-Seva Kendra”]

e-Seva Kendra Guidelines, s 4.9.

e-Seva Kendra Guidelines, s 4.12.

Model Video Conferencing Rules.

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Objectives

Design the counters of the e-Seva Kendra to be

accessible for all litigants and Advocates

visiting the space;

Facilitate

access to online filing

of cases or applications, including the scanning of physical documents, generation of e-signatures and uploading into the Case Information System (“CIS”) of the Court, and guidance on filing procedures;

e-hearings for Advocates or litigants

who may not have access to the necessary resources;

Ensure

easy access to information

on case status, e-payment facilities, and other queries regarding the working of the Court such as information regarding the location of various Courtrooms, judges on leave, causelists, etc.;

Promote

access to technological services

such as e-Courts Mobile App, JUSTIS App, etc., for lawyers and litigants;

Provide

guidance regarding legal aid services

, to be provided by the District Legal Services Authority;

facilities and assistance to any users with special needs

including Persons with Disabilities, elderly persons, pregnant women, etc.;

facilities for fast-track disposal

of traffic challans in virtual Courts, and other case types which may be incorporated as part of the virtual Courts framework in the future; and

access to soft copies

of judicial orders/judgments, etc.

Judicial assistants from the Court, with knowledge of handling computer devices; and

Para-legal volunteers/contractual staff for manning counters, depending on the workload of the Court.

An external counter for the public/litigants, accessible by all; and

An internal counter for staff, accessed from a secure private entry for the Court staff.

Users

Litigants

Advocates

e-Seva Kendra staff:

All visitors requiring assistance regarding any Court processes and procedures

Adjacencies

The e-Seva Kendra must ideally be a separate block, located in close and visible proximity to the public entrance of the Court building. If the e-Seva Kendra is designed as part of the Court building itself, a separate, dedicated space must be provided on the ground floor, near the entrance lobby.

In such cases where the e-Seva Kendra is within the Court building, it must be in close proximity to or have direct access to the public waiting areas.

It must be in close proximity to accessible sanitary provisions and a pantry area.

The e-Seva Kendra must have:

The e-Seva Kendra must be located in proximity to the administrative wing, particularly the filing section and the copying/dispatch sections.

Design Considerations

The e-Seva Kendra must have an adequate number of help desks, depending on the available capacity of the room and the workload of the Court.

All spaces in the e-Seva Kendra must be equipped with modular and ergonomic seating, and provision must be made for natural light and ventilation, including good acoustics.

The e-Seva Kendra must have adequate storage space for storing of files and pamphlets/other information as required, and for the personal belongings of the staff.

As per the Model Rules for Live Streaming and Recording of Court Proceedings,

the following specific design considerations must be kept in mind to ensure compliance with the rules:

Table 11:

Design considerations arising from the Model Rules for Live Streaming and Recording of Court Proceedings.

Waiting Area

In such cases where the e-Seva Kendra is a separate block, a waiting area must be provided at the entrance, in accordance with the design considerations highlighted in

Section 2.2.

The waiting area must be equipped with accessible infographics and signage explaining the services being provided at the e-Seva Kendra, including specialised services being provided to cater to the needs of diverse user groups. A designated counter must be provided to ensure speedy delivery of such assistance.

The waiting area must have information kiosks and case display boards, with audible announcements, showcasing information from all Courtrooms in the Complex.

All information must be made available in an accessible format and in local languages.

Help Desk and Counters

The e-Seva Kendra must be equipped with multiple user-friendly and accessible counters, depending on the workload of the Court, to facilitate uninterrupted person-to-person interaction between the e-Seva Kendra staff and litigants/lawyers

A detailed map of the entire Court Complex must be displayed at the counters or at an accessible location in close proximity to the counters.

Accessible e-kiosk/electronic system and computer facilities, including use of USB drives/other external storage devices, must be provided to facilitate e-filing.

Provision must be made for online payment of Court fees, process fees, etc., as required, and for generation of payment receipts.

Video-Conference Cabins

Multiple video-conference cabins (keeping in mind the workload and capacity of the Court) must be provided in the e-Seva Kendra for the use of lawyers and litigants.

Accessible signage and digital display boards, including boards used for queue management to prevent overcrowding near the cabin, must be provided.

These cabins must be equipped with video-conferencing systems and additional audio-visual equipment, to facilitate any lawyers/litigants to undertake any e-hearings, if required.

These cabins must be acoustically treated to ensure privacy and confidentiality, wherever necessary. For further details on acoustics, please refer to

Annexure 5.

IT hardware such as computers and scanners with access to Case Information System (CIS), along with high-speed internet facility, must be provided in the cabins.

Self-help touch-screen eKiosks must additionally be provided.

All digital interfaces must be accessible for diverse users including Persons with Disabilities, and must be at adequate height and include features such as adjustable font sizes and compatibility with screen readers.

As per the Video Conferencing Rules,

PART C - THE HANDBOOK

ORGANIZATION AND DESIGN OF SPACES OF THE COURT COMPLEX

2.8.

Para-Legal Facilities

A. e-Seva Kendra

The e-Seva Kendra is a facility that acts as the first line of contact between litigants and the judicial system to access services related to the e-Courts Project. Under Phase III of the e-Courts Project, all District Courts in the country are required to set up e-Seva Kendras to facilitate easy communication and coordination between staff and litigants/Advocates.

Further, the e-Courts Project seeks to ensure that e-filing shall be the preferred method of filing cases in the future. Therefore, as the e-Seva Kendra will provide e-filing assistance, it is envisioned to eventually function as the filing counter in place of the existing physical filing counters (

Section 2.5.A

) once e-filing has been made mandatory.

Table 12:

Design considerations arising from the Model Video Conferencing Rules.

Image 64: Example of IT infrastructure for e-filing at High Court of Karnataka, Bangalore

Image 65: Example of dedicated video-conferencing cabins at the e-Seva Kendra established in Shivamogga District Court, Karnataka

Source

Shivamogga District Court e-Seva Kendra

Figure 58: Typical floor plan for the e-Seva Kendra

Figure 59: Representation of the e-Seva Kendra

References

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Section No.

Section Title

Section Relevant Details