- Latest Work Feild 1 Title
- Link to Differentiated Case Management series
- Latest Work Feild 1 Link
- https://jaldi-vidhilegalpolicy.in/assessing-courts-capacity/report?id=211
- Latest Work Feild 2 Title
- Link to POCSO Report
- Latest Work Feild 2 Link
- https://jaldi-vidhilegalpolicy.in/assessing-courts-capacity/report?id=199
- Ongoing Work Feild 1 Title
- Design Handbook
- Ongoing Work Feild 1 Link
- https://jaldi-vidhilegalpolicy.in/jaldilab/project?id=1
- Ongoing Work Feild 2 Title
- Civil Litigation Process
- Ongoing Work Feild 2 Link
- https://jaldi-vidhilegalpolicy.in/jaldilab/project?id=103
- Constitution Bench Pendency Project
- true
- Constitution Bench Pendency Project Description
- A comprehensive tracker of all pending 5, 7, and 9 Judge Bench cases of the Supreme Court.
- Rti Templates For High Courts
- true
- Rti Templates For High Courts Description
- A portal to provide easy-to-access RTI application templates for all High Courts to enable users to easily file RTI applications.
- Women In The Judiciary
- true
- Women In The Judiciary Description
- A platform to keep track of gender diversity at all levels of the Indian judiciary.
- Building Better Courts
- false
- Building Better Courts Description
- Building better courts description high courts description of judiciary's functioning.
- Judicial Vacancy
- false
- Judicial Vacancy Description
- The data for sanctioned and working strength are as per information provided in the Supreme Court Annual Reports. The data for vacancies has been calculated as a subtraction of the working strength from the sanctioned strength. The sanctioned and working strength of courts are as of the dates considered by the Annual Reports each year. For the Supreme Court, the working strength does not include judges who retired prior to the publication of the Annual Report. The number of calculated vacancies in the district courts of West Bengal are significantly different from the vacancies as reported in the Supreme Court Annual Reports as the Calcutta High Court notes that the number of vacancies is the margin between the accommodating strength (actual number of berths available for posting) and the working strength. The portal retains the number of calculated vacancies in line with the methodology followed across all other courts. For the purposes of this portal, we have retained the names of courts as of 2026. For example, the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh is therefore not called the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir. Prior to the bifurcation of the High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad in 2019 into the High Court of Andhra Pradesh and High Court for the State of Telangana, the data for the years 2015-16, 2016-17, and 2017-18 represent the data for the High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad. For the purposes of this portal, the data for these three years has been provided under the High Court for the State of Telangana. Data from 2018-19 onwards has been provided separately for the two High Courts. Similarly, as data for the district courts was combined for the two territories until 2017-18, for the purposes of this portal, the data for these three years has been provided under the state of Telangana. Data from 2018-19 onwards has been provided separately for the two states. In the Supreme Court Annual Reports, data for the district courts has been provided in terms of the jurisdiction of the High Courts having superintendence over the districts within its jurisdiction. Therefore, for example, as the Gauhati High Court has jurisdiction over the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland, the Annual Report provides combined data for the district courts of these states. Similarly, as the High Court of Punjab and Haryana has jurisdiction over Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, the Annual Report provides combined data for the district courts of these jurisdictions. Hence, the portal tracks such combined data for those states.
- Judicial Budgets
- false
- Judicial Budgets Description
- Judicial budgets description high courts description of judiciary's functioning.
- High Court Access Data Here Text
- https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ZCptk9wY51Ka7kdvONUwOMPg37pIQY_Qt_SWgyWc550/edit?gid=0#gid=0
- Supreme Court Access Data Here Text
- https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ZCptk9wY51Ka7kdvONUwOMPg37pIQY_Qt_SWgyWc550/edit?gid=0#gid=0
- District Court About Text
- While information on the High Courts and the Supreme Court is relatively easy to colllate, data on Indian judges and courts, serving in the District Court, is extremely difficult to access. Often, demographic data on judges is not recorded at all or is recorded in a haphazard manner. Further, if at all available, such data tends to be fragmented across multiple websites thus making it difficult not only to access, but also gain a holistic picture of what India’s District Court looks like. The idea behind building such a portal came when Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy first published its report, Tilting the Scale: Gender Imbalance in the District Court in February, 2018. This report, highlighted the skewed proportion of gender in the District Court. Only 27% of the judges were women. The effort behind manually collecting details of the names and designation of judges from every e-court website, convinced us of the need to build a one-stop portal for easy viewing. Further, wherever possible, we have obtained information through Right to Information applications on the social background of judges. That is, their caste and religious status as well. While religious data is not generally recorded, we have received caste composition data for the judiciary for some states. Given this is an ongoing process, the Judicial Reforms team at Vidhi aims to keep updating the website as and when we receive such information. Such information, helps us to understand the social representativeness of the District Court.
- Rti Template About Text
- The Right to Information Act, 2005, (“the Act”) was introduced with the objective of providing a framework under which citizens could obtain information from public authorities. The Act is a first-of-its-kind sunshine law brought into force to ensure transparency and accountability. The Act not only provides a mechanism for citizens to obtain information from public authorities, but also creates an obligation on the part of the public authorities such as Government departments, the Supreme Court, and the High Courts to make proactive disclosures about their functioning.The RTI Act delegates certain rule-making powers to competent authorities empowering them to lay down the procedure to file RTI applications. The Act allows individual competent authorities to prescribe the costs payable, such as the cost of filing RTI applications and the fee payable for photocopying and inspection of documents. Accordingly, High Courts across the country, by virtue of being competent authorities as defined under the Act, have framed rules to govern the procedure for filing RTI applications in respect of matters within their jurisdiction
Jaldi-Vidhi
Women in the Judiciary
Explore research and data on gender diversity in India's judiciary.
Women Judiciary About Text
Overall Gender Diversity
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
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- Name Of District
- Gyalshing
- Name Of District
- Mangan
- Name Of District
- Namchi
- Name Of District
- Ariyalur
- Name Of District
- Chennai
- Name Of District
- Coimbatore
- Name Of District
- Cuddalore
- Name Of District
- Dharmapuri
- Name Of District
- Dindigul
- Name Of District
- Erode
- Name Of District
- Kanchipuram
- Name Of District
- Kanniyakumari
- Name Of District
- Karur
- Name Of District
- Krishnagiri
- Name Of District
- Madurai
- Name Of District
- Nagapattinam
- Name Of District
- Namakkal
- Name Of District
- Perambalur
- Name Of District
- Pudukkottai
- Name Of District
- Ramanathapuram
- Name Of District
- Salem
- Name Of District
- Sivagangai
- Name Of District
- The Nigiris
- Name Of District
- Theni
- Name Of District
- Thoothukudi
- Name Of District
- Tiruchirappalli
- Name Of District
- Tirunelveli
- Name Of District
- Tiruppur
- Name Of District
- Tiruvallur
- Name Of District
- Tiruvarur
- Name Of District
- Tiruvannamalai
- Name Of District
- Vellore
- Name Of District
- Viluppuram
- Name Of District
- Virudhunagar
- Name Of District
- Adilabad
- Name Of District
- Hyderabad
- Name Of District
- Karimnagar
- Name Of District
- Khammam
- Name Of District
- Mahboobnagar
- Name Of District
- Medak
- Name Of District
- Nalgonda
- Name Of District
- Nizamabad
- Name Of District
- Ranga Reddy
- Name Of District
- Warangal
- Name Of District
- Gomati
- Name Of District
- North Tripura
- Name Of District
- South Tripura
- Name Of District
- Unakoti
- Name Of District
- West Tripura
- Name Of District
- Almora
- Name Of District
- Bageshwar
- Name Of District
- Chamoli
- Name Of District
- Champawat
- Name Of District
- Dehradun
- Name Of District
- Haridwar
- Name Of District
- Nainital
- Name Of District
- Pauri Garhwal (Garhwal)
- Name Of District
- Pithoragarh
- Name Of District
- Rudraprayag
- Name Of District
- Tehri Garhwal
- Name Of District
- Udham Singh Nagar
- Name Of District
- Uttarkashi
- Name Of District
- Agra
- Name Of District
- Aligarh
- Name Of District
- Allahabad
- Name Of District
- Ambedkar Nagar
- Name Of District
- Amethi
- Name Of District
- Amroha
- Name Of District
- Auraiya
- Name Of District
- Azamgarh
- Name Of District
- Baghpat
- Name Of District
- Bahraich
- Name Of District
- Ballia
- Name Of District
- Banda
- Name Of District
- Barabanki
- Name Of District
- Bareilly
- Name Of District
- Basti
- Name Of District
- Bhadohi
- Name Of District
- Bijnor
- Name Of District
- Budaun
- Name Of District
- Bulandshahar
- Name Of District
- Chandauli
- Name Of District
- Chitrakoot
- Name Of District
- Deoria
- Name Of District
- Etah
- Name Of District
- Etawah
- Name Of District
- Faizabad
- Name Of District
- Farukkhabad
- Name Of District
- Fatehpur
- Name Of District
- Ferozabad
- Name Of District
- Gb Nagar
- Name Of District
- Ghaziabad
- Name Of District
- Ghazipur
- Name Of District
- Gonda
- Name Of District
- Gorakhpur
- Name Of District
- Hapur
- Name Of District
- Hardoi
- Name Of District
- Hathrai
- Name Of District
- Jalaun Orai
- Name Of District
- Jaunpur
- Name Of District
- Jhansi
- Name Of District
- Jp Nagar (Amroha)
- Name Of District
- Kabirnagar (Sant Kabir Nagar)
- Name Of District
- Kannauj
- Name Of District
- Kanpur Nagar
- Name Of District
- Kasganj
- Name Of District
- Kausambi
- Name Of District
- Kushinagar
- Name Of District
- Lakhimpur Kheri
- Name Of District
- Lalitpur
- Name Of District
- Lucknow
- Name Of District
- Maharajganj
- Name Of District
- Mahoba
- Name Of District
- Mainpuri
- Name Of District
- Mathura
- Name Of District
- Mau
- Name Of District
- Meerut
- Name Of District
- Mirzapur
- Name Of District
- Moradabad
- Name Of District
- Muzaffarnagar
- Name Of District
- Pilibhit
- Name Of District
- Raebareli
- Name Of District
- Ramabainagar (Kanpur Dehat)
- Name Of District
- Rampur
- Name Of District
- Saharanpur
- Name Of District
- Sambhal
- Name Of District
- Shahjahanpur
- Name Of District
- Shamli
- Name Of District
- Shravasti
- Name Of District
- Sombhadra
- Name Of District
- Sultanpur
- Name Of District
- Unnao
- Name Of District
- Varanasi
- Name Of District
- Bankura
- Name Of District
- Birbhum
- Name Of District
- Burdwan
- Name Of District
- Calcutta
- Name Of District
- Cooch Behar
- Name Of District
- Dakshin Dinajpur
- Name Of District
- Darjeeling
- Name Of District
- East Medinipur
- Name Of District
- Hooghly
- Name Of District
- Howrah
- Name Of District
- Jalpaiguri (Alipore Duar)
- Name Of District
- Malda
- Name Of District
- Mursidabad
- Name Of District
- Nadia
- Name Of District
- North 24 Parganas
- Name Of District
- Paschim Mednipur
- Name Of District
- Purulia
- Name Of District
- South 24 Parganas
- Name Of District
- Uttar Dinajpur
Women Judiciary Faq
What is the purpose of this portal?
This portal provides data regarding the gender breakdown of judges appointed through direct recruitments to the district judiciary (Civil Judges and District Judges) over the years, from 2007 to 2024, to fuel ongoing conversations about gender diversity and inclusivity within the judiciary, towards the ultimate goal of a truly representative legal system.
What is the structure of the district judiciary in India?
The district judiciary in India comprises of three tiers of judges, ordered hierarchically as follows: 1) District/Sessions Judges; 2) Civil Judges (Senior Division), who may also sit as Chief and Additional Metropolitan and Judicial Magistrates; 3) Civil Judges (Junior Division), who may also sit as Judicial Magistrates of the First Class and Metropolitan Magistrates.
What is the recruitment process for these posts?
Appointment to the district judiciary is governed by State Judicial Service Rules which are framed by the Governor under Article 309 read with Articles 233 & 234, of the Constitution of India. For recruitment at the post of Civil Judge (Junior Division), the rules usually provide for an entry level competitive examination which consists of three rounds: preliminary and mains examinations followed by an interview. Civil Judges (Senior Division) are appointed by promotion from the post of Civil Judge (Junior Division). For the post of District Judges, most are either promoted internally through merit-cum-seniority basis or through a limited competitive examination (usually at 75%), while others are recruited directly from amongst advocates with a minimum of seven years of continuous practice, provided they clear a competitive examination.
Are there reservations for women?
The following states provide for reservation for women at the level of Civil Judge (Junior Division): Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Uttarakhand. Further, the following states provide for reservation for women at the level of District Judge (Direct Recruitment from the Bar): Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.
What is the methodology followed for this portal?
The data has been collected in two phases through applications under the Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI). In the first phase ("Round 1"), RTI applications were filed with State Law Departments and High Courts seeking selection lists for posts of Civil Judge (Junior Division) and District Judge (Direct Recruitment from the Bar) from 2007 to 2017. This was further supplemented with selection lists for recruitment cycles for Civil Judge (Junior Division) completed as of January 2019 and which are available online. In the second phase ("Round 2"), RTI applications were filed with High Courts seeking information regarding the number of appointments made to the posts from 2018 to 2024. Selection lists generally specify the gender of the candidates. Where there was uncertainty, names were verified against the list of judges available on the e-courts website.
How should the graphs be read?
As appointments have been made in different years across different states, the data has been visualised in terms of recruitment cycles, rather than years. For the purposes of visual representation, the "recruitment cycle" is taken to be the final year in which persons were appointed to the district judiciary. However, for Rajasthan, it was noted that in some instances, the recruitment took place over a period of at least two years. For the States that have responded in either round of data collection, we assume that no recruitments took place for the years where no data was provided during that time period. The graphs plot the number of persons, segregated by gender, who were recruited to the post of Civil Judge (Junior Division) or the District Judge (Direct Recruitment) in the respective states in the recruitment cycles for which information has been provided. The x-axis shows the recruitment cycle, and the y-axis shows the percentage of male/female appointees in comparison to the overall appointees in that cycle. On hovering over any bar in the graph, the total number of male and female appointees in that cycle is visible.
What are the limitations of the dataset?
The data available in the portal is limited to data that was made available to our RTI requests. The High Courts of Allahabad, Andhra Pradesh, Madras, Manipur, Meghalaya and Odisha provided only aggregate numbers and not year-wise information for the appointments made during 2018-24 to one or both of the two posts for which information was sought (Civil Judge (Junior Division) and District Judge (Direct Recruitment from Bar). The High Courts of Bombay and Delhi did not furnish the information on the ground that it was not maintained in the format sought. Further, the High Court of Bombay also stated that the information sought was "vague, presumptive, and interrogative in nature and cannot be termed as 'information' as per Section 2(f) of the RTI Act, 2005". The High Court of Patna did not provide the requisite information on the ground that the information sought is available in the public domain on the official website of the General Administration Department, Government of Bihar. However, the appointment lists on the website pertain only to civil servants and not to judicial officers. The High Court of Telangana refused to furnish the year-wise information sought on the ground that "no larger public interest is involved". The High Court of Jharkhand responded noting that under Rule 3(i) of the Jharkhand High Court (Right to Information) Rules 2007, court fee stamps are the only acceptable means of payment for RTI applications. Since the JALDI team was unable to procure the relevant court fee stamps, information is not available for the State of Jharkhand for 2018-24. It must also be noted that for the State of Rajasthan in Round 1, certain figures pertaining to the number of male/female appointees to the post of Civil Judge (Junior Division) for 2017 were provided. However, responses received in Round 2 additionally mentioned a varying set of figures pertaining to the number of male/female appointees for 2017, in addition to the figures for 2018-24. The present graph takes into account the figures received in Round 1. For Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram, the RTI response states that no appointments were made between 2018 and 2024 for the post of District Judge (Direct Recruitment from the Bar).
What data does this portal cover?
Consequently, the portal contains data for appointments for the following states and rounds of data collection: State Civil Judge (Jr.) Data District Judge Data Availability in Round 1 (2007-17) Availability in Round 2 (2018-24) Availability in Round 1 (2007-17) Availability in Round 2 (2018-24) Andhra Pradesh ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Arunachal Pradesh ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ Assam ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ Bihar ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Chhattisgarh ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ Delhi ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ Gujarat ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Haryana ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ Himachal Pradesh ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ Jammu and Kashmir & Ladakh ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Jharkhand ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ Karnataka ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Kerala ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Madhya Pradesh ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Maharashtra ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Manipur ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Meghalaya ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ Mizoram ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ Nagaland ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ Odisha ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ Punjab ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ Rajasthan ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ Sikkim ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Tamil Nadu ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Telangana ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Tripura ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ Uttar Pradesh ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ Uttarakhand ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ West Bengal ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗